Research Showcase Abstracts
Explore abstracts from CFDR’s annual research showcase at the DC Conference.
Year
2018
Language
English
Title
Psychobiotics and their neural effects on antidepressant and anxiolytic activity via the gut-brain axis
Introduction/Purpose
The purpose of this research was to investigate how, if at all, psychobiotics (probiotics with mental health benefits) and their proposed neural effects can be linked to antidepressant and anxiolytic activity via the gut-brain axis.
Objective(s)/Process or Summary of Content
To investigate the suggested mechanisms involved in the relationship between psychobiotics and their proposed beneficial neural effects.
Method(s)/Systemic Approach Used
A literature review was conducted utilizing online databases including the Acadia Library, Science Direct, and Medscape. Personal communication with a dietitian specializing in this area was used to guide and supplement the literature review, as it became apparent early in the process that research from a nutrition perspective was limited. Animal and human studies were included, yielding a total of twenty-one articles reviewed.
Results/Conclusions
Articles reviewed were predominantly neurological/psychological in nature or came from the field of biology. Two studies reviewed stemmed from nutrition. Four studies involved human subjects; seven used animal models. Results suggested that the relationship between psychobiotics and mental health is mediated along the gut-brain axis, utilizing the interoceptive awareness of the vagus nerve (VN). Secondary to psychobiotic administration, this connection appears to induce anxiolytic and antidepressant effects by influencing levels of serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and dopamine, neurotransmitters involved in mental stability.
Conclusions(s)/Recommendations
While the link between psychobiotics and antidepressant/anxiolytic effects seems supported in animal studies, more research in human populations is needed before additional conclusions can be drawn. It is also essential to consider how to increase research from a nutrition/dietetic-specific lens.
Significance to Dietetics
Dietitians work with clients whose nutrition status may be impacted by mental health in a variety of ways. As the understanding of psychobiotics and their possible benefits increases, this could innovate how we approach nutrition therapy for this patient base. This also supports the potential for interdisciplinary research between dietetics, psychiatry, and neuroscience.
